In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Anton Pannekoek investigated the impact of Lenin’s ideas and the impact of his philosophical work “Materialism and Empirio-criticism” that had appeared in Russian in 1908. He argued: it is necessary to make it the subject of a serious critical study. The doctrine of Party-Communism of the Third International cannot be judged adequately unless their philosophical basis is thoroughly examined. Pannekoek wrote that the economic system created after the revolution was state capitalism. A new class of officials was in charge. Workers in developed countries were striving not for this, but to master work and life for themselves.