Louis Althusser’s renowned short text “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” radically transformed the concept of the subject, the understanding of the state and even the very frameworks of cultural, political and literary theory. On the Reproduction of Capitalism develops Althusser’s conception of historical materialism, outlining the conditions of reproduction in capitalist society and the revolutionary struggle for its overthrow. Written in the afterglow of May 1968, the text addresses a question that continues to haunt us today: in a society that proclaims its attachment to the ideals of liberty and equality, why do we witness the ever-renewed reproduction of relations of domination?