The main aim of the present study is to discuss some of the most relevant aspects related to the emergence of anarchism in Romania during la belle époque, and to propose a threefold periodization of the “classical” period. Part of a broader line of research, the article focuses mainly on the first two periods (that could be considered the “heyday” of Romanian anarchism), with a special emphasis on its inaugural moments and characteristics. The paper also tries to propose a general interpretational framework based on a cultural analysis of classical anarchism and on its transnational character.