Romania is a country in the South-East of Europe, known for its vampires, strong plum spirits and the fact that twenty percent of its population has left in search of a better life elsewhere! But Romania has a different side as well: since its inception, in the 1850s, the general mood of the ruling and popular classes has been essentially right-wing. There is a prevailing fear of communism and “foreigners”, and in this context many ultra-nationalist and fascist groups appeared in the first part of the 19th century. The powerful tradition of such ideologies has continued throughout the regime changes of 1947 and 1989 until today. This booklet tries to reveal some of the complexities of the socio-economical and political situation in Romania that are helping to shift this reality ever further to the right.