The author discusses ‘leftism’ as a context in which the debate over violence has been framed – a framing which in her/his opinion has been detrimental to anarchist ibjectives. From the context of the essay it is clear that the author understands ‘Leftists’ as more-or-less identical to Liberal an Marxist groups. The issue s/he takes with ‘leftism’, however, is very clearly marked: “There are many aspects of Leftism with which anarchy comes into conflict (critiques – or lack thereof – of technology, progress, sexism, hierarchy, statism, white supremacy, etc., all of which need to be evaluated on their own merits)”. ‘Leftism’ in this context is not so much a clearly articulated set of ideas but a political *milieu* which is attached (for the author) to a white-male dominated movement, a ‘saviour of the masses’ mentality, and a prone-ness to recuperation by the state. On that last charge, Ashen Ruins also refers to the CNT/FAI as ‘leftists’ in the context of their joining in with the government in ’36. In the framing of leftism in this way, we come to see the word as part of a debate within anarchism. Hence Bob Black, in ‘Anarchy after Leftism’, speaks of “an intramural debate which [by 1995] had been going on for at least twenty years between traditionalistic anarchists – leftist, workerist, organizationalist and moralist – and an ever more diverse (and an ever more numerous) contingent of anarchists who have in one way or another departed from orthodoxy”. We can see here, for example, that for Bob ‘leftism’ is associated with workerism. Anyone familiar with Bob’s position on work will need no further explanations here – see his famous ‘The Abolition of Work’ for details. Hence also the objection to syndicalism, which in its assailants’ opinion fails to incorporate a meaningful critique of WORK. The opposition to work is also a clear thread in primitivist anarchism, which emphasises that anarchic, uncivilised people do not ‘work’ – rather they only play, and some of their play also results in things that they need. Organisationalism is another charge – usually associated with a latent statism. Again Ashen Ruins, who claims that anarcho-syndicalism “Has a vision that still looks too much like the shell of the old world it claims to want to supplant (plus, the One Big Union looks a lot like One Big State, and I have little faith in either withering away). I do not want to pass judgement on these positions, agree or disagree.