His most influential work. A challenge to classical Darwinism, Kropotkin argues that in nature, co-operation is as important as competition. “Kropotkin profoundly influenced human biology by his theory of Mutual Aid., propounded as a counterblast to the social conclusions drawn from the Darwinian ‘struggle for existence’. He was one of the first systematic students of animal communities, and may be regarded as the founder of modern social ecology.” [Alex Comfort] “I would hold that Kropotkin’s basic argument is correct.”