Portuguese anarchism has been overshadowed by the events in neighbouring Spain and often deliberately ignored by statist partisans of communism and liberalism. But, for all that, Portugal has a long tradition of libertarian organisation. It runs from the first days of the International in the 1870s, to the insurrection of 1910, fighting the fascist dictatorship from the 1920s to the ’70s, continuing up to the present day. This pamphlet uncovers that hidden history.