The 20th century was the most bloody in history as sophisticated weaponry killed millions of people. And already conflict in the new century has taken a heavy toll. In today’s world, most wars are within countries rather than between states. Often, it is civilians that suffer most, especially women and children. With tables, maps, case studies and quotes, this guide looks at how conflict escalates and ways it can be prevented. It examines the changing types of war, including the ‘War on Terror’ and ethnic conflict such as in Rwanda; the role of diplomacy and the UN, and what steps ordinary people are taking to re-build communities. And offers some ideas and inspiration for creating lasting peace.